International Monetary Fund or IMF stated in its latest World Economic Outlook (WEO) that the global economy has, to date, withstood a series of shocks, yet another one—this time a military conflict engulfing the Middle East since the end of February—is testing this resilience. This is the latest culmination in a series of events that have been reshaping international relations and raising geopolitical tensions markedly across all regions in recent years. The conflict has already inflicted humanitarian costs, damaged critical infrastructure, and severely disrupted maritime and air traffic in the affected region. Economies around the world face repercussions through the direct impact of higher commodity prices, indirect second-order effects on inflation expectations—which tend to be especially sensitive to energy and food prices—and amplification effects coming from risk-off sentiment in financial markets.

IMF noted that under the assumption in the reference forecast that the war turns out to be relatively short-lived, global growth is expected to slow down modestly. At 3.1 percent for 2026 and 3.2 percent for 2027, the forecasts mark a deceleration from the estimated 3.4 percent achieved in 2025. At market exchange rates, world output is projected to grow by 2.6 percent in both 2026 and 2027.

In the United States, the economy is projected to expand by 2.3 percent in 2026, with growth supported by fiscal policy and the lagged impact of monetary policy rate cuts in 2025, even as the rise in trade barriers since April 2025 continues to weigh on the level of activity.

In the euro area, growth is expected to decline from 1.4 percent in 2025 to 1.1 percent in 2026 and to 1.2 percent in 2027. The forecast is revised downward by 0.2 percentage point in each year compared with the January 2026 WEO Update, with the effect of better-than-expected growth at the end of 2025 giving way to the negative impact of the Middle East conflict over time.

Growth in emerging and developing Asia is expected to decline from 5.5 percent in 2025 to 4.9 percent in 2026 and to 4.8 percent in 2027. Growth in China for 2026 is revised upward by 0.2 percentage point, relative to October (a 0.1 percentage point downward revision from January), to 4.4 percent, reflecting the lower US effective tariff rates on Chinese goods, and stimulus measures offset the negative impact of the shock induced by the Middle East conflict. The economy’s growth rate is expected to decelerate to 4.0 percent in 2027.

In the Middle East and Central Asia, growth is projected to decline from 3.6 percent in 2025 to 1.9 percent in 2026 and recover to 4.6 percent in 2027 as the region experiences the most direct impact of the conflict and the expected subsequent rebound.

In Latin America and the Caribbean, growth is projected to remain broadly stable at 2.3 percent in 2026 and pick up to 2.7 percent in 2027.
In emerging and developing Europe, a sharp slowdown in 2025 to a growth rate of 2.0 percent is expected to reverse only slightly, with economies in the region expanding at an average rate of 2.0 percent in 2026 and 2.1 percent in 2027.

Global inflation is projected to pause its decline, with headline inflation increasing from 4.1 percent in 2025 to 4.4 percent in 2026 before falling back to 3.7 percent in 2027. This is a 0.7 percentage point upward revision for 2026 from the figure in the October 2025 WEO, reflecting expected higher energy and food prices.

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